how successful was the muslim league in 1937 elections

16. November 2022 No Comment

It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics. Further, nearly all the Congress-run states (that is, U.P., Bihar, Bombay, Madras and Assam) had. On the contrary, Indian National Congress was a comparatively much popular and organized party. And in the election foray the League tried to muster up whatever support and strength it cou1d to prove its two-pronged claim, and the Congress gird up its loins precisely to disprove that claim.
Both Viceroy Linlithgow and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were pleased with the resignations. 3.

[7], The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the Congress represented Muslims. Diarchy reintroduced at Central level, so Viceroy could still make, amend laws. All parties except Congress condemned it and the passage of the bill was immediately greeted with a general strike in Bombay. Was not able to close the gap between Muslims & Hindus (i.e. 1200 injured, 400 kill. No court or public authority was to recognize any custom or usage which imposed any civil disability on Harijans. It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics. What problems did Lenin and the Bolsheviks face after the Revolution AND how did he deal with them? 8210076034/ 9717510106/9718593510, Copyright 2020 selfstudyhistory.com All Rights Reserved Powered by, The Election of 1937 and the formation of Congress ministries: Part II, Faced with financial stringency, these governments had very little choice but to, 1938-39 a militant movement under the leadership of the Kisan Sabha, Topic Wise Study Material for History Optional, Test Series- 2023 [English and Hindi] [Batch IV], Test Series- 2023 [English and Hindi] [Batch III], Test Series- 2023 [English and Hindi] [Batch II], 67th BPSC GS and History OptionalTest Series, Test Series- 2021 [Batch VI] [In English and Hindi], Test Series- 2021 [Batch IV] [English and Hindi], Test Series- 2020 [Batch V] [In English and Hindi], Test Series- 2020 [Batch IV]: (In English and Hindi), 66th BPSC General Studies And History OptionalTest Series, Previous Years Solved Papers of History Optional, History Optional Previous Years Question Papers with Solution [UPSC], Ancient India: Previous Years Questions with Solutions [UPSC], Medieval India: Previous Years Questions with Solutions [UPSC], Modern India: Previous Years Questions with Solutions [UPSC], World History: Previous Years Questions with Solutions [UPSC], History Optional Previous Years Solved Questions [BPSC and UPPSC], Daily and Weekly Problem Practise (History Optional), Strategy for Essay and Essay Improvement Program, Topic Wise Materials of General Studies for IAS, UPSC Strategies, Answer Sheets and Previous Years Papers, UPSC Strategies, Interviews and Answer Sheets of Toppers, Cholas: administration, village economy and society: Part I, Solution: Weekly Problem Practice For History Optional- 2021 [Modern India: Week 4], Point wise discussion on Essay#21: Can globalization lead to development of a state and welfare of its citizens, THE ELECTION OF 1937 AND THE FORMATION OF CONGRESS MINISTRIES khalidriazblog, WBCS Exam Syllabus 2021 - (Prelim & Main) - Important Topics, History Optional Comprehensive Study Materials cum Online Test Series- 2021, Daily and Weekly Problem Practice with Solution of History Optional for 2021 Main Examination, Complete Map material along with Previous Years Solved Questions and Practice Set for History Optional, Previous Years Questions with Solution of History Optional, Click here for Our Results in CSE- 2019, Toppers' Interview and Toppers' Answer Sheets, Daily and Weekly Problem Practice for 2022 Main Exam [History Optional], History Optional complete online course cum Test Series - 2022, The language ofnarrownationalismheldatFrankfurtdestroyedtheGerman Revolution;asthe fatalideaofaggrandizementoftheHouse ofSavoy destroyedthe Italian Revolution. Discuss.

This transfer of power showed that British were planning to leave India. Congress demand of immediate independence alarmed League, since no Pakistan if British were not there to conduct partition before leaving. History Optional Online Course cum Test Series- 2024 [English and Hindi], History Optional Online Course cum Test Series- 2023 [English and Hindi] [Batch IV], Click here to register for Comprehensive Program for 2021, Click here to register for Comprehensive Program for 2022, Click here to register for World History Materials, Click here to register for Modern India Materials, Click here to register for Medieval India Materials, Click here to register for Ancient India Materials, Click here to register for Complete Map Materials, Click here to register for Previous Years Solved Questions [UPSC], Click here to register for Previous Years Solved Questions [UPPSC and BPSC], 67th BPSC General Studies And History OptionalTest Series, Daily and Weekly Problem Practice for History Optional- 2022, Daily and Weekly Problem Practice for History Optional- 2023, Topic Wise Study Materials of History Optional, Ancient India Previous Years Solved Questions for History Optional, Medieval India Previous Years Solved Questions for History Optional, Modern India Previous Years Solved Questions for History Optional, World History Previous Years Solved Questions for History Optional, Mobile No. The Congress Ministries paid a lot of attention to. hat will be the syllabus of The Descriptive paper of It had no offices and impressive membership at the grass-root level. Consequently, it could not run an effective campaign in its favor. It is ~ Gave name to Muslim goal, Muslim League accepted Chaudhrys idea after Congress rule thus gave basis for Lahore, Resolution and idea of Independent Muslim Country, Q: How Successful was the Govt of India Act of 1935? Launched to protect these areas.

[14] Though 34 seats were reserved for Muslims, the Muslim League could secure none of them. Viceroy Linlithgow declared India at war with Germany on 3 September 1939. After result Unionist Party under the leadership of Sikandar Hayat Khan formed the Government. L4: Rowlett Act, Amritsar Massacre, Hunters committee. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The majority of Muslims were poor who could not see a match with the leaders of the league in terms of socio-economic status. Moreover, they hoped Congress would work for the betterment of all people irrespective of the religious affiliations and belonging. Nor was the national movement diverted from its main task of fighting for self government because of being engaged in day-to-day administration.

Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above? At the beginning of office acceptance, he had advised the Congress Ministries to rule without the police and the army. Ministries introduced basic education with an emphasis on manual and productive work. The emphasis in the Act was on conciliation, arbitration and negotiations in place of direct action. and migrations of 1947.2 In the 1937 provincial elections, the league had won only two of the eighty-five Muslim seats; in the 1946 elections, so crucial to the credibility of Mohammad Ali Jinnah's demand for Pakis-tan, the league swept to victory with all but ten of the Muslim seats. Lord Minto assassination attempt British feared for officers lives, Swadeshi movement crippled British economy, Congress, largest political party in India supported reversal, Hindus protested, Muslims too few to match protest reversal thus likely, Congress worked primarily for Hindu interests (to protect Political Rights). "From movement to government: the Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42", Sage Publications, 2003. pp 60, Abida Shakoor. Jinnah dissatisfied with parity of seats between Muslims and Hindus since Sikh and low Caste members would side with Hindus, leading to permanent Muslim minority. In 1937, the league was not a popular and organized party. and the party now knew how to contest elections. The Act was also designed to prevent lightning strikes and lockouts. The election had not been a success for the muslin league. As a majority in the lower house was not enough, in order to get any legislation passed through the second chamber, the Congress had to simultaneously pressure their upper class elements and conciliate them. One of the great achievements of the Congress Governments was their.

Conference in 1945, the communal divide was much greater. Muslims who migrated couldnt enter Afghanistan because closed borders so forced back. Khare as premier. The major causes of Muslim Leagues's failure in the 1937 general Elections are as follows: [citation needed], In Bengal, although the Congress was the single largest party, with 54 seats, it was unable to form a government. Image of the party was restored when leadership shifted from aristocrats and princes to true leaders of the people. The average Muslim perceived the league's leaders as aristocrats who were These elections were the first major elections to be contested by All India Muslim League yherefore the League didnot perform well in these elections. when can the successful candidates in central excise The Congress Muslims achieved 6 percent of them. How do you telepathically connet with the astral plain? The Ministries of U.P. The interests of the. [3][4] The Congress won 758 out of around 1500 seats in a resounding victory, and went on to form seven provincial governments. Impact offormation ofCongressMinistries: Work of congress as Provincial government: Some problems before Congress Government: Achievements of the Congress ministries during two years frustrated all groups who voted for Congress (Industrial working class, peasants, Dalits): Period of the Congress Ministries witnessed the emergence of serious weaknesses in the Congress: Enter your email address to follow selfstudyhistory.com and receive notifications of new posts by email. Nevertheless, the All India Muslim League verified its claim to be the sole representative of Muslim India. Rejected by both Congress and League since both feared that the outcome would go against their demands. Congress wanted to nominate at least one Muslim member in executive council, rejected by >Jinnah since League wanted to be sole representation of Muslims in India. Q: How successful were events during WW2 in achieving independence? They now had a stronger standing with their reputation enhanced by the civil disobedience movement under Gandhi's leadership. To unite all the Indian people in their struggle against colonialism, the main enemy of the time, it was necessary to make such an adjustment.

Cripps Mission stated that individual provinces could opt out, alarmed them since this meant >British were considering Partition. Cabinet Mission negotiated with parties, found that they had different aims, thus unsuccessful since bridge between two undividable and partition would be necessary. Why fibrous material has only one falling period in drying curve? Explain your answer. The formation of Congress Ministries and the vast. inspector SSC CGL10 expect the appointment letter?? Not all Congress Government were able to coordinate administration with the popular mobilization, especially where right-wing dominated the provincial Congress and Government. Explain your answer, L3: Just the one Pro Hindu attitude of Congress point. This was even more necessary because, in large parts of the country, the smaller landlords were active participants in the national movement. I am pretty sure that it is the early 20th century. Thus more Muslims knew of the league. It was a referendum for the Muslims to be a separate nation; it had to confirm the existence of two separate nations in India. Their was an air of aristrocracy among the Leagues's prime leaders. Why did Muslim league did better in 1945 election than it had in 1937? I Have the Jinnah showed great commitment to the cause of the Muslims, but the election results were a great disappointment for the Muslims League. Elections were held in eleven provinces - Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, the United Provinces, the Bombay Presidency, Assam, the North-West Frontier Province, Bengal, Punjab and Sind.

If mass struggles destroyed one crucial element of the hegemonic ideology of British colonialism by demonstrating that British power was not invincible then the sight of Indians exercising power. Jinnah and allama iqbal were not present who were the major prominent leaders [13], The Sind Legislative Assembly had 60 members. I wish the Musalmans all over India to observe Friday 22 December as the "Day of Deliverance" and thanksgiving as a mark of relief that the Congress regime has at last ceased to function. They asked the district magistrates and police officers to take strong action to deal with a communal outbreak.

What time is 11 59 pm is it Night or Morning? [8], Muslim preference was to be represented by regional parties which were allied with those non-Muslims who were not supportive of the Congress. Furthermore, with its secular slogans, it could easily influence people irrespective of their religion. Muslim league lacked support at ground level as it was not so much popular at that time among locals even Muslims. In the 3rd June Plan, the viceroy announced that India would be divided into two states, i.e. Furthermore, it was, in the main, statutory and occupancy tenants who benefited. and Bihar resigned on this issue on 15 February. and Assam, the Congress Government passed a series of, These Governments also undertook various rather modest. There were 482 seats allocated for Muslims at the provincial level. [25] Regional parties kept the League out of power in those provinces with Muslim majorities while in the Hindu majority provinces it was unwanted by the Congress. [9] No Congress Muslim won in Sindh, Punjab, Bengal, Orissa, United Provinces, Central Provinces, Bombay and Assam. recruitment of labour for all mills by an independent board. Explain your answer.

Partition vs United). Thus a prior bitter experience would have compelled Muslims to revisit their decision to vote for Congress. In 1937, the league was not a popular and organized party. In 1913 Muslim League changed their aim from British Loyalty to Self-Rule. The Congress Working Committee suggested that it would cooperate if there were a central Indian national government formed, and a commitment made to Indias independence after the war. Even Nehru commented on how little they seemed to get along. The Congress rule from 1937-39 was also a nightmare for the Muslims facing religious restrictions and threat to their culture.

Muslim League still had not passed the Lahore Resolution, majority of Muslims did not know >Leagues aims. When it came to the crunch, there was also. Jinnah showed great commitment to the cause of the Muslims, but the election results were a great disappointment for the Muslims League. But problems remained in U.P. Many Muslims celebrated, and made it clear that Pakistan formation demand was democratic and could not be ignored. The league's reputation as a Political party of upper-class Muslims was one of the factors contributing to its dismal performance in the elections. This would make it difficult to organize the next wave of extra-legal mass movement against colonial rule. The exceptions were Bengal, where the Congress was nevertheless the largest party, Punjab, Sindh, and Assam. Explain, B/W 1911-1914 Hindu Muslim relations increased, After P O B reversal the Muslim League revisited Morley Minto reforms, criticized because no say in government.

L3: Simla Conference, L4: Other events; Lahore Resolution, Cripps Mission, QIM, Gandhi Jinnah Talks, Q: Gandhi Jinnah talks were more important for formation of Pakistan than QIM? Moreover, the mass of Congressmen were vigilant on this question. As per this provision, the British held elections in provinces in February 1937 on the basis of separate electorates. >Jinnah didnt approve, since he knew no Pakistan if Independence without British being there to Partition, Congress started QIM to get general Independence and stop creation of Pakistan, alarming, Jinnah who quickened pace for Pakistan creation, Due to QIM leaders being arrested, League gained a huge advantage which it exploited to gain strength, Jinnah declared the QIM as blackmail, declaring it an attempt to take advantage of weak British condition. 500 per month. Congress Ministries did not know how to deal with situations where their own mass base was disaffected. Hindu Muslim clashes in Calcutta during this day, resulted in 4000 people losing their lives, British realized that these two communities could not live together peacefully. Many of its members were seen as aristocrats, princes or landlords whereas many muslims at that time were poor and illiterate. >League learnt from 1937 elections and thus improved planning, organization and campaigned efficiently. Congress banned Cow slaughter, Muslims oppressed if they slaughtered cows. Securities taken from newspapers and presses were refunded and pending prosecutions were withdrawn. Q: How Successful were the RTCS? Gulf between two communities widened, 1931 Labor Party lost power, new coalition govt less likely to give reforms, Gandhi took a hardline and refused minority rights, Gandhi wanted Nehru Report in Constitution, Muslims wanted 14 points. an increase in workers wages with a minimum wage. Many ICS officers came to believe that the British departure from India was only a matter of time. This new anti-labour mood was visible in other provinces too, where. muslim league quaid azam guard jinnah tweet The Indian National Congress emerged in power in seven of the provinces, Bombay, Madras, the Central Provinces, the United Provinces, the North-West Frontier Province, Bihar, and Orissa. They alleged the ignorance of Muslims for the failure of the league in the elections. The 1940's Pakistan Resolution proved a uniting force for the Muslims who were now thinking differently. For e.g. There were also cases of physical attacks upon landlords, big and small, and the looting of crops. In the 1945 elections, Muslim League came up with a striking victory by winning all the 30 Muslim seats in the Central Legislative Assembly and 446 out of 495 Muslim seats in provinces. British Muslims relationship had deteriorated since 1857, partition to improve relations, Hindus were becoming stronger in Bengal especially with the help of congress, East Bengal was in weak economic condition, this could be improved (Chittagong seaport, infrastructure, Jute Mill/industrial setup), Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Poona ignited Hindu Nationalism, this needed countering.

Consequently, any effort at structural reform was bound to be an extremely formidable and time-consuming operation. Thus image improved among, Muslims and support of Pakistan movement increased (can be seen in 1945-46 elections), Deadlock between League and Congress over nomination of seats led to Wavell realizing.

WebThe major causes of Muslim Leagues's failure in the 1937 general Elections are as follows: 1. Support and subsidies were given to khadi, spinning and village industries. This was easy because the Congress was an open party which anybody could join. Linlithgow refused the demands of the Congress. [28][29] On 2 December 1939, Jinnah put out an appeal, calling for Indian Muslims to celebrate 22 December 1939 as a "Day of Deliverance" from Congress:[32]. The Congress Governments removed impediments in the path of, Measures for the advancement of untouchables or. Dalit Movements for empowerment in independent India have essentially been for carving out political space through electoral politics. Discuss. Within these constraints, the agrarian policy of the Congress Ministries went a long way towards promoting the interests of the peasantry.
Explain your answer. They took recourse to Section 144 of the Criminal Code against agitating workers and arrested peasant and trade union leaders. There was some disorder and largescale stone throwing at two mills and some policemen were injured. The Congress Ministries adopted, in general, a pro-labour stance. Thus gap between the two communities increased, showed they did not get together. The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the elected representatives of the Indian peoples. Reasons for Congresss opposition of these reforms: Number of Indians in councils was increased, but only had advisory role, Acceptance of Muslim demand of separate electorates was disliked, Muslims were given extra seats and more political status, Congress expected partition of Bengal reversal to happen in these reforms. In Assam, the Congress won 33 seats out of a total of 108 making it the single largest party, though it was not in a position to form a ministry. Q: Was the celebration of the day of deliverance justified? He asked me about antivirus, worms, and malware and Its report charged the congress for interference with the religious rites, suppression of Urdu and propaganda of Hindi, denial of legitimate representation and suppression in economy of the Muslims. What factors contributed to Muslim league's defeat ? were passes in many provinces. While Muslim estrangement from the Congress was indeed evident during the Civil Disobedience movement, the success of the Muslim Unity Board comprised of Nationalist Muslims closely aligned to the Congress Swarajists in the 1934 For example, in case of U.P., this co-ordination was quite successful. The chief ministers of Punjab and Bengal formally joined Muslim League. After winning the 1946 elections, League became a stronger party with complete Muslim support, thus demands for separate homelands could not be ignored. He miscalculated that the separate electorates system, with a larger electorate, would produce good results for the Muslim League. Muslim League had an image problems, leaders seen as Aristocrats and Landlords poor and illiterate didnt sense any empathy thus did not vote. [8] The League's top performance was in provinces where Muslims were minorities; there it cast itself as a protector of the community. Gandhiji wrote in the columns of Harijan against the growing misuse of office and creeping corruption in Congress ranks. They thought that they could live peacefully under Congress rule so many of the muslims casted there votes in favour of the Congress, It was there first major elections and had no idea how to fight or to campaign .. The Congress Muslims achieved 6 percent of them. The time constraint became even more apparent as war clouds gathered in Europe from 1938 onwards. Suggested that Individual provinces could opt out, thus SOME reference to Pakistan Movement was present, Jinnah rejected it since he desired clear cut reference to Pakistan, shows determination of Jinnah and clear cut goals. In Bihar, the kisan movement often came in frontal confrontation with the Ministry, especially when the Kisan Sabha asked the peasants not to pay rent or to forcibly occupy landlords lands. : Lala Hardayal, Mutiny Party, British Fought WW1 against Turkey, made Muslims hesitate against fellow Muslim, To achieve common aims and pressurize British, British Policy of Repression against Indians, worried Congress and League. The Congress Ministries had, therefore, to act rapidly and achieve as much as possible in the short time available to them. Opportunists, selfseekers and careerists, drawn by the lure of associating with a party in power, began to enter the ranks of the Congress at various levels. [6], The party's election platform had downplayed communalism and Nehru continued this attitude with the initiation of the March 1937 Muslim mass contact program. Failure of Muslim League in 1937 Election. Same points as above, with reference to Hindu Muslim estrangement. They played pivotal role in bringing ML with surprising victory. The Governor called upon Sir Muhammad Sadulla, ex-Judicial Member of Assam and Leader of the Assam Valley Muslim Party to form the ministry. [UPSC- 2014], Q. Much worse was the mentality of a few of the right-wing Congress ministers. The general election of 1946 was a litmus test to gauge the political divide in India. Thus >Congress leaders didnt attend.