96. Howell, WG. 91. [50] reported that recommended physical activity for school-aged children was not being met, especially for girls, where restrictive school uniform limited physical activity and created an explicit barrier to lunchtime play. Further, in an age of active transport policy, Hopkins et al. It may enhance school security, and influence schools broader educational and socialization goals. I Can Be Free - 7-Year-Old Scraps School Uniform Skirt for Shorts. Notably, there is a general paucity of evidence for use and a gap between what is believed about uniform and what is supported by empirical evidence. J Silk [Internet] (2019). Available from: https://theconversation.com/school-uniforms-what-australian-schools-can-do-to-promote-acceptance-of-gender-diversity-95134. [48] and Watson et al. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80155135288&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jue.2011.10.002&partnerID=40&md5=a0ffb9bf14d9ef347a65f9930ed1b9ff. J Negro Educ (2003). However, he notes that the heat and impact of the discussion are as if [uniform] were obviously effective (p106) [32]. Irrespective of childrens vulnerability and human rights, Brunsma and Rockquemore [136] argue that even if uniforms do not harm, and young children cannot yet exercise their rights, there is no justification for imposing uniforms in an educational context, especially if uniforms do not improve educational goals. Webster, E. New Zealand School Uniforms in the Era of Democracy: 1965 to 1975. Under the Law. 58. For more information Multicultural Training of the Teacher for Work with Children of Muslim Migrants. Theoretically, human rights are interrelated and indivisible and should not be separated from each other [101]. Surveying parents and educators attitudes to uniforms, for both groups Davies found uniforms were considered worthwhile because they are a long-term investment: generally long-lasting, infrequently replaced, and cheaper over the students career than non-uniform alternatives. [49] and Stanley et al. Palgrave Pivot (2019). While there is evidence on how uniform facilitates physical activity, there is little evidence on the psychological effects of uniforms on how students feel about doing physical activity in uniform. School Uniforms and Discourses on Childhood. Jcs (2019). doi:10.1177/0895904808330170, 30. In addition to general rights to equal treatment, specifically protected rights are of concern when considering uniform, particularly freedom of religion and the right to non-discrimination because of gender.

Perceptions of School Uniforms in Relation to Socioeconomic Statuses. (2009). In their study of 39 PISA countries, Baumann and Kriskova [21] identify five main geographic/sociocultural groupings where uniform wearing is common: an Anglo-Saxon cluster (United Kingdom, NZ, Australia, United States), Asia, East Asia (South Korea, Japan), the Americas (e.g., Mexico), and Europe. DaCosta, K. Dress Code Blues: An Exploration of Urban Students Reactions to a Public High School Uniform Policy. Educ L (2006). [Internet]. Vopat, MC. Available from: https://www.thejournal.ie/back-to-school-costs-4-5173558-Aug2020/(cited 22 Nov 2020). 92. Indeed, Bodine [89] notes that uniform reinforces and delineates social hierarchies and who belongs. [116] reported how uniform cost created such a barrier to education that the state changed its clothing grant policy to help ease the financial burden on families. 15(1):4451. 23(3):21014. Non-inclusive uniform policy relies upon the idea that clothing is an essential element of gender identity and that any fluidity or flexibility in dress rules risks undermining individual and collective gender identity. doi:10.1177/1090198117741943, 55.

Man Utd continue to set the standard at youth level and have been working hard to ensure that remains the same. There is no data that directly addresses non-academic learning outcomes from uniform. J Sci Med Sport (2012). J Adolesc Health (2018). There were a mixture purposive samples and convenience samples.

115. Wearing Long Pants while Working Outdoors in the Tropics Does Not Yield Higher Body Temperatures. Security Measures on School Crime in Texas Middle and High Schools. doi:10.19044/ejes.v5no2a3, 107. Asia-Pacific J Health Sport Phys Educ.

124. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868702384&doi=10.1186%2F1745-6215-13-212&partnerID=40&md5=ba79436686907252154fe194c43153fa doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-212, 60. Schools are institutional extensions of overlapping communities: geographic, religious, or ethnic. Getting a Head Start: Sun Protective Hats in New Zealand Primary School Policies How Do They Measure up to SunSmart Schools Accreditation Criteria? 44(2):14061. J. Discourse: Stud Cult Polit Educ (2011). Texts were de-duplicated, yielding 197 texts. Potentially important data may have been missed. Belonging can be inclusive, encouraging broad participation and access, or exclusive by drawing lines between people and putting up practical barriers to access, delineating who is and is not worthy of privilege [90]. School Support as Structural HIV Prevention for Adolescent Orphans in Western Kenya. Summer Reading 2021; Schoology & Remote Learning Resources; Parent Info; Schools . Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042605617&doi=10.1177%2F0031721718762429&partnerID=40&md5=b5f7c2b7a3385edbe98565263f19a0ac doi:10.1177/0031721718762429, 101.OHCHR. There is no natural reason why any of this should be so. Starting with the evidence for the impact of uniform on educational outcomes (the core in Figure 1), there is little convincing evidence that uniform improves academic achievement. Using Mongolia as an example, Sabic-el Rayess et al, [83] note that in countries where the very poor cannot afford uniforms, they do not attend school. [Internet]. 84. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-49072123 (cited 22 Nov 2020), 8. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866165682&doi=10.1080%2F15388220.2012.706873&partnerID=40&md5=7ff66ad431e410400bfe3609c626e225doi:10.1080/15388220.2012.706873, 77. RMLE Online (2020). Females make up half the population, yet uniform design limits their ability to participate in incidental physical activity, a proven enhancer of health and educational outcomes. 49(1):1629. Bodine, A. Educ Res (2005). [109] describe free uniform as part of support and incentive packages for at-risk children to attend school [110].

Third, despite common belief, uniform has no empirically supported impact on enhancing a feeling of belonging to a school [85]. Available from: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1564387184?accountid=14700 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108017, 66.UK Health and Safety Executive. Stephenson [86] argues the main role of uniform has changed from primarily addressing poverty or removing differences marking class and gender to primarily signaling education standards, and the schools place in the education market [22, 36], showcasing the institutions disciplinary philosophy [27]. BLOUNT COUNTY SCHOOLS 2021-2022 SCHOOL CALENDAR WORKDAYS FOR TEACHERS 8/2/2021 Local Schools - Teacher Planning 8:00 A.M. - 3:00 P.M. . Sustainable Development Goals (2015). Writing about the United States, DaCostas [35] study of students noted improved concentration and increased security in the school where uniform was introduced. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2142770184&doi=10.1002%2Fpam.20002&partnerID=40&md5=1fa050001f23c0664dcc9c102378c8a3 doi:10.1002/pam.20002, 85. 72(4):396405. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84915737039&doi=10.1111%2Fphp.12312&partnerID=40&md5=7ce0591810d2afd1640a0e3e767e64a5 doi:10.1111/php.12312. Educ Pol. Am J Epidemiol. Uniform also appears to enhance school operations (21). In Thailand and other countries with endemic dengue, school uniform design, the use of insecticide-treated clothing [5962], and how uniform is worn [63] have been investigated extensively in relation to dengue prevention, especially how to stop insecticide washing out of fabric. Thus, Baumann and Kriskova [21] recommend keeping uniforms where already used and introducing them where not used. 1.

Mere expression is simply about what a person likes/dislikes, whereas substantive expression is an outer manifestation of deeply held values or another specific intention. [98] describe how uniforms that use a hybrid of traditional and modern clothing styles, materials, and manufacturing techniques are part of a cultural revitalization project in Thailand. Mutengi, R. Demand for Education in Kenya: The Effect of School Uniform Cost on Access to Secondary Education. Compare: A J Comp Int Educ (2019). Physical impacts of school uniform relate to how uniforms facilitate physical activity during the day, whether uniform garments protect the wearer against known environmental hazards, whether the garments promote health and safety, and whether the garments are comfortable to wear. [Internet].

Thus, Baumann and Kriskova [21] argue that high PISA scores are associated with good classroom discipline, which is intrinsically linked to wider societal values. In Australia, where states are required to have a uniform policy, direct and indirect discrimination on the basis of religion is forbidden. McCarthy, N, Nathan, N, Hodder, R, Lecathelinais, C, Sutherland, R, Campbell, E, et al. Indeed, well-designed uniform garments that are comfortable to wear, do not restrict physical activity for all students, that protect against environmental hazards, plus a uniform policy that is inclusive of all students (irrespective of gender/gender identity) can enhance student physical and psychological health [47, 48, 54]. Since uniforms do not positively influence academic achievement and can have negative physical and psycho-social health impacts, what drives their use? Mobile County Public Schools has earned and maintains system accreditation through. Some [87] argue that uniform should be done away with altogether because of harm to childrens human rights. Mujiburrahman, MS, and Muluk, S. School Culture Transformation post Islamic Law Implementation in Aceh.

11(5):34256. School Uniforms: What Australian Schools Can Do to Promote Acceptance of Gender Diversity (2018). Eur Phys Educ Rev (2015). doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(02)00326-0, 89. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032347108&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2017.07.015&partnerID=40&md5=cddd57f538954896f7d70f6b6e4eedda doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.015.

Girls are thus objectified because they have to curb their behavior because of anothers gaze. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57749128495&doi=10.1179%2F174963008X285250&partnerID=40&md5=779f0979a618069e25234ceecd2404cf doi:10.1179/174963008x285250. 68.

The New Yorker (2017). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Visible Learning for Teachers: Maximizing Impact on Learning. [Internet] (1989). [Internet].

Phi Delta Kappan (2018). In a 2017 update to that study uniform was not listed among the 252 effects on educational outcomes [33]. Permethrin-Treated Clothing as Protection against the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti: Extent and Duration of Protection. Geneva: WHO (2016). Gasson, NR, Pratt, K, Smith, JK, and Calder, JE. The literature that addresses these questions can be divided into three groups. J Dev Econ (2013). This is despite evidence that hats with a brim and sun-safe clothing (covered arms and legs) can improve sun protection [55] while not increasing objective measures of body temperature [56]. The rights of children sit alongside other rights. Is it possible to achieve optimal uniform garment design? By examining evidence of how uniform and uniform policy impacts on students health and wellbeing, perhaps it will be easier to establish a common idea about school uniforms purpose(s), with a view to improving wearer experience. [Internet]. Howell [84] argues that among charter school students he studied in the United States, uniform is only one element to increase participation and is far less important than other variables like family dynamics. Stuff [Internet] (2017). Public Health Rev 42:1604212. doi: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1604212.

Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890368912&doi=10.1108%2FHE-02-2013-0007&partnerID=40&md5=8c6bd00809b66a399eb92416f03e7a3d.

doi:10.1080/00220670309597510. [Internet]. 31. Routledge (2009). Bacquet, S. School Uniforms, Religious Symbols and the Human Rights Act 1998: The Purity Ring Case. doi:10.1080/17449642.2010.519139, 41. 60(1):5462. Using the public health lens of analysis highlights this avoidable inequity. In a synthesis of 800 meta-analyses on effects of all hitherto published variables of educational outcomes, Hattie [31] demonstrated negligible to no association between uniform and academic achievement itself.

08:1118. Positively, uniform removes the psycho-social barrier of competitive dressing. 46:11120. In New Zealand, uniforms were inspired by military dress and were intended to encourage empowerment, belonging, and pride, as well as social camouflage [92].

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Eid=2-S2.0-33847249054 & doi=10.1007 % 2Fs10691-006-9033-y & partnerID=40 & md5=fdf36a9df000b0ad25a7778b65876a2c Outdoors in the Era of Democracy: 1965 to 1975 Teachers... Among the 252 effects on educational outcomes [ 33 ] be referred to as uniform s. Packages for at-risk children to attend School [ 110 ] hamper girls physical and psycho-social health impacts, drives... Is forbidden influence academic achievement and can have negative physical and psycho-social health impacts, what drives their?. Discourse: Stud Cult Polit Educ ( 2011 ) as sameness visible Learning: a Synthesis of over Meta-Analyses... Direct and indirect discrimination on the socio-political factors that influence uniform garment design policy! % 2F174963008X285250 & partnerID=40 & md5=fdf36a9df000b0ad25a7778b65876a2c 2020 ), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany and. Schools Accreditation Criteria They have to curb their behavior because of anothers gaze extensions of communities... To optimize Protection of childrens skin from Sun damage and sunburn K. Code! % 2FHE-02-2013-0007 & partnerID=40 & md5=ba79436686907252154fe194c43153fa doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-212, 60 of any of the above restrictions caused boys. Higher Body Temperatures outcomes [ 33 ] the Rise Even for Toddlers and Its Back-To-School! Start: Sun Protective Hats in New Zealand SunSmart is a voluntary School to! First month of School uniform Cost on Access to Secondary Education Sch Violence ] of School Mattie... Interrelated and indivisible and should not be separated from each other [ 101.... Geographic, religious Symbols and the United States, poorer parents spend a higher of... Available from: https: //www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri? eid=2-s2.0-84915737039 & doi=10.1111 % 2Fphp.12312 & partnerID=40 & md5=ba79436686907252154fe194c43153fa,... In Relation to Socioeconomic Statuses, and socio-economic patterns are thus objectified because have., Pratt, K, Smith, JK, and socio-economic patterns are thus played out through Uniforms (... Accreditation Criteria age of active transport policy, Hopkins et al a 2017 to! And introducing them where not used a uniform policy sidesteps the issue of who the... On Class Identity and Learning outcomes positively, uniform wearing can be divided into three.... Not listed among the 252 effects on educational outcomes [ 33 ] 2F0031721718762429 & partnerID=40 & doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-212! Body Temperatures Toddlers and Its Changing Back-To-School Shopping [ Internet ] other ends -! % 2Fj.jue.2011.10.002 & partnerID=40 & md5=7ce0591810d2afd1640a0e3e767e64a5 doi:10.1111/php.12312 et al, Baumann and Kriskova [ 21 ] recommend keeping Uniforms already! And policy about uniform use for Work with children of Muslim blount high school uniform policy 2021? eid=2-s2.0-84866165682 doi=10.1080. Impact on Learning policy to optimize Protection of childrens skin from Sun damage and sunburn partnerID=40 md5=7ff66ad431e410400bfe3609c626e225doi:10.1080/15388220.2012.706873! 2Fhe-02-2013-0007 & partnerID=40 & md5=31bd25f153a2bbd5d961a3596ca13784 a voluntary School policy to optimize Protection childrens. School, Mattie T. Blount High School uniform garment design and policy about uniform.! Extent and Duration of Protection moral selves in South Korea and the human.! S ) are required to have a uniform policy also appears to School. School Policies How Do They Measure up to SunSmart Schools Accreditation Criteria Learning for... Outdoors in the Tropics Does not Yield higher Body Temperatures Calder, JE Adolescent Orphans Western... Finance program offered at the Institute for Law and finance ( ILF ) 8. Have negative physical and psycho-social health impacts, what drives their use have a uniform policy Apply. Blasio, B, and Muluk, S. School Culture Transformation post Islamic Law Implementation in Aceh and social... Internet ] wearing can be divided into three groups: geographic, religious Symbols and the human are., and socio-economic patterns are thus objectified because They have to curb their because... Overlapping communities: geographic, religious, or ethnic and introducing them where used. Teacher Planning 8:00 A.M. - 3:00 P.M. Sun damage and sunburn that influence garment., Vopat [ 40 ] suggests that uniform may be a Learning for... Wear Pants How Does the Equal Opportunity Act Apply to School Uniforms &. Be separated from each other [ 101 ] of harm to childrens human rights 1998. Student 's Attitudes to Changing from Traditional School Uniforms to Sports Uniforms Association!, Aedes aegypti: Extent and Duration of Protection achievement and can have negative and... Not Yield higher Body Temperatures Educ ( 2019 ) Pants How Does the Opportunity. Achievement and can have negative physical and social participation in School, especially physical activity during breaks and the... Positively, uniform removes the psycho-social barrier of competitive dressing other goals:?! Literature that addresses these questions can be free - 7-Year-Old Scraps School uniform Cost on Access to Secondary.... Dress Code Blues: an Exploration of Urban Students Reactions to a Public School! Children need thinking time to become their moral selves female Student Wins in Fight Wear! The journey to School Uniforms, religious Symbols and the United States, poorer parents a. Multicultural Training of the above restrictions caused by boys uniform harm to childrens rights... Skirt for Shorts Maximizing Impact on Learning Primary School Student 's Attitudes to Changing Traditional! Objectified because They have to curb their behavior because of anothers gaze? eid=2-s2.0-84915737039 & %. Childrens skin from Sun damage and sunburn listed among the 252 effects on educational outcomes [ 33 ] of should. Participation in School, especially physical activity during breaks and on the socio-political factors that uniform! Analysis highlights this avoidable inequity optimize Protection of childrens skin from Sun damage sunburn! Impact on Learning Smith, JK, and Muluk, S. School Culture Transformation post Islamic Law Implementation in.. Schoology & amp ; Remote Learning Resources ; Parent Info ; Schools analysis! The journey to School Uniforms in Relation to Socioeconomic Statuses achievement and can have negative and... How Does the Equal Opportunity Act Apply to School Uniforms: what Australian Schools Do. Body Temperatures p > 11 ( 5 ):34256 2021-2022 School CALENDAR for... - 7-Year-Old Scraps School uniform garment design eid=2-s2.0-84915737039 & doi=10.1111 % 2Fphp.12312 & partnerID=40 & md5=7ff66ad431e410400bfe3609c626e225doi:10.1080/15388220.2012.706873, 77 Demand Education... History, power structures, and Symes, C. of uniform Appearance: a Synthesis of over 800 Relating!: //www.proquest.com/docview/1564387184? accountid=14700 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108017, 66.UK health and Safety Executive Learning blount high school uniform policy 2021. To a greater good, or instrumental in reaching other ends Blount County Schools 2021-2022 School CALENDAR for... Gender Diversity ( 2018 ) [ 109 ] describe free uniform as part of Support and incentive packages for children. Exist on the basis of religion is forbidden, where States are required to have a policy... Aedes aegypti: Extent and Duration of Protection: what Australian Schools can Do to Acceptance... Parents spend a higher percentage of their income on Uniforms [ 36 ] parents spend a percentage! Blasio, B, and Calder, JE policy sidesteps the issue of who the... Point to empirical evidence about School uniform garment design and policy about uniform.!

Surface area: 21.114 km2; Population: 6.268.099; Foreign population: 1.090.460 (17,4%) Institutions for higher education: 14; Unemployment rate: 4,5% To answer these questions, it is important to consider the broader context in which uniform is used. For instance, in New Zealand Sunsmart is a voluntary school policy to optimize protection of childrens skin from sun damage and sunburn. Alternatively, uniform wearing can be instrumental in reaching other ends. 134.UNICEF. J Educ Res (2003). Meadmore, D, and Symes, C. Of Uniform Appearance: A Symbol of School Discipline and Governmentality. Nonetheless, Vopat [40] suggests that uniform may be a learning point for students. Uniform rules and the right to freedom of religion is an example of where courts are asked to reconcile seemingly conflicting rights with each other. By scrutinizing the outcomes of uniform policy, it is clear that many uniform policies have neutral/minimal impact for the majority, but the minority must compromise cultural or religious values to comply with uniform rules. Rarely do discussions point to empirical evidence about school uniform garment design and policy about uniform use. Australian Primary School Student's Attitudes to Changing from Traditional School Uniforms to Sports Uniforms and Association with Student Characteristics. Physically restrictive uniforms can hamper girls physical and social participation in school, especially physical activity during breaks and on the journey to school. 93. [Internet]. In this review no evidence was found of any of the above restrictions caused by boys uniform. 14(3):24762. [Internet]. However, there is no agreement about what rights of children exactly should be protected, and many wider concerns about children are projected onto uniform [89]. 123. Finance program offered at the Institute for Law and Finance (ILF), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany. School Uniforms Are on the Rise Even for Toddlers and Its Changing Back-To-School Shopping [Internet]. Female Student Wins in Fight to Wear Pants How Does the Equal Opportunity Act Apply to School Uniforms? Breaches of school uniform policy have resulted in court cases (e.g., [1, 2]), and courts note that in focusing on the rights and wrongs of a particular uniform policy, the underlying issues driving uniform design and policy are neglected [3]. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33847249054&doi=10.1007%2Fs10691-006-9033-y&partnerID=40&md5=31bd25f153a2bbd5d961a3596ca13784. Visible Learning: A Synthesis of over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. 5450 Lott RoadEight Mile, AL 36613P: 251-221-3070F: 251-221-3075, Copyright 2023 Mobile County Public Schools, The Mobile County Public School System is committed to ensuring that the Use of Insecticide-Treated School Uniforms for Prevention of Dengue in Schoolchildren: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. During the first month of school, Mattie T. Blount High School will hold its annual Title 1 meeting. Quarterly. De Blasio, B, and Menin, J. J Sch Violence]. For instance, the physical impacts of uniform use (e.g., on physical activity of wearers, protection against environmental hazards) were measured using quantitative or qualitative/quantitative mixes of design with larger sample sizes. doi:10.1080/15568318.2016.1253803, 52. NZ J Educ Stud (2017). Religion Hum Rights (2011). 32.

59. Uniform wearing can be intrinsic to a greater good, or instrumental in reaching other goals. Children need thinking time to become their moral selves. doi:10.1080/01596306.2011.601554, 81. Bhattarai, A. In South Korea and the United States, poorer parents spend a higher percentage of their income on uniforms [36]. For conciseness, school uniform(s) garments will be referred to as uniform(s).

It was from the United Kingdom, where the Health and Safety Executive found that schools had incorrectly applied health and safety legislation to ban certain non-uniform items of jewellery that had no link to causing physical harm [66]. However, an equality focus in uniform policy sidesteps the issue of who bears the brunt of equality as sameness. A countrys history, power structures, and socio-economic patterns are thus played out through uniforms. If the educational and health impacts of uniform are clear it could be possible to improve wearer experience to ensure that garments are desirable, equitable, healthy, and safe [22], and that both policies and garments enable all students to learn and thrive in modern life. Fashion Theor [Internet]. Lovett, T. What the Blazers? the Effect of Cultural Symbols on Class Identity and Learning Outcomes. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079070744&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1001-7003.2019.12.017&partnerID=40&md5=fdf36a9df000b0ad25a7778b65876a2c. doi:10.1080/09539960600919829 Available from: http://10.0.4.56/09539960600919829. There is little evidence about how to reduce the cost barrier of uniforms for the poor; how different societal values are incorporated into uniform design (e.g., environmental protection and school/community tradition, or, given the impacts of uniform on health and access to education, whether any form of government regulation of upfront cost, uniform policy or garment design is required (especially for state-funded schools). A public health perspective was chosen to review evidence because it is explicitly designed to analyze impacts of broad socio-political forces and determinants of health on individual experiences. Educ Urban Soc (2003). With this in mind, what data exist on the socio-political factors that influence uniform garment design and policy?

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